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1.
Rev. odontol. UNESP (Online) ; 52: e20230033, 2023. tab, il
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1530308

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O emprego de biofilmes polimicrobianos, utilizando a saliva como inóculo, é um modelo promissor para o estudo de biofilmes cariogênicos in vitro. Entretanto, ainda não existe uma padronização para seleção de doadores de saliva. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer uma metodologia para seleção de doadores de saliva utilizando fatores salivares microbianos e características in vitro do biofilme. Material e método: Para doação de saliva foram selecionados vinte voluntários. Os voluntários permaneceram 24 horas sem escovar os dentes e ficaram em jejum por 2 horas antes da coleta da saliva. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: viabilidade das bactérias anaeróbias totais e mutans streptococci; concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) da clorexidina; capacidade de formação de biofilme por meio da biomassa; e a suscetibilidade dos biofilmes à clorexidina. Resultado: A viabilidade bacteriana da saliva, a capacidade de formação de biofilme e a suscetibilidade do biofilme à clorexidina foram apresentadas como média e intervalo de confiança (95%). A diferença entre a viabilidade do biofilme (mutans streptococci e bactérias totais) após tratamento com NaCl 0,9% e diacetato de clorexidina 0,2% foi comparada pelo teste t de Student com nível de significância estabelecido em 5%. A viabilidade total de bactérias anaeróbias (mediana) foi de 7,28 log 1+UFC/mL (unidades formadoras de colônia/mL). A viabilidade dos mutans streptococci na saliva apresentou mediana de 5,47 log 1+UFC/mL. Para capacidade de formação de biofilme a mediana da biomassa foi de 0,1172 A570. Conclusão: O tratamento com clorexidina reduziu significativamente os mutans streptococci e a viabilidade total das bactérias. A metodologia para seleção do doador de saliva foi estabelecida com sucesso.


Introduction: The utilization of polymicrobial biofilms, with saliva as an inoculum, represents a promising model for in vitro studies on cariogenic biofilms. However, there is still no standardization for selecting saliva donors. Objective: The aim of this study is to establish a methodology for the selection of saliva donors using microbial salivary factors and in vitro biofilm characteristics. Material and method: For saliva donation, twenty volunteers were selected. Volunteers remained 24 h without brushing their teeth and fasted for 2 h before saliva collection. The following parameters were evaluated: total anaerobic bacteria and mutans streptococci viability; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of chlorhexidine; biofilm forming capacity by biomass assessment; and the susceptibility of biofilms to chlorhexidine. Result: Saliva bacterial viability, biofilm forming capacity and biofilm susceptibility to chlorhexidine were presented as mean and confidence interval (95%). The difference between biofilm (mutans streptococci and Total bacteria) viability after treatment with NaCl 0.9% and 0.2% chlorhexidine diacetate was compared using the Student t-test with a significance level established at 5%. Total anaerobic bacteria viability (median) was 7.28 log 1+CFU/mL (colony forming units/ mL). Mutans streptococci viability in the saliva showed a median of 5.47 log 1+CFU/mL. Biofilm forming capacity showed that biomass had a median of 0.1172 A570. Conclusion: Treatment with chlorhexidine significantly reduced mutans streptococci and total bacteria viability. The methodology for the selection of the saliva donor was successfully established.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Saliva , Streptococcus mutans , Chlorhexidine , Biomass , Biofilms , Microbial Viability , Data Interpretation, Statistical
2.
Autops. Case Rep ; 11: e2020220, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142413

ABSTRACT

Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by excessive collagen production. The oral manifestations of the patient with scleroderma can include microstomia, xerostomia, and changes in the resorption teeth. We report the case of a 7-year-old female patient diagnosed with systemic scleroderma where photobiomodulation therapy was used to treat xerostomia associated with hyposalivation. She attended a pediatric clinic and presented with dry and rigid facial skin, trismus, xerostomia, malocclusion, and difficulty swallowing. Stimulated salivary flow was assessed before, during, and after treatment. Photobiomodulation therapy was conducted at four points at the sublingual glands with 660 nm, 100 mW, and 0.8 J/cm2 to each point; eight points at the parotid glands; and six points at the submandibular glands with 808 nm, 100 mW, and 0.8 J/cm2 for 8 seconds at each point. After this therapy, an increase in salivary flow, remission of the xerostomia, and an improvement in mastication and swallowing were observed. Photobiomodulation therapy was effective in controlling xerostomia in this pediatric patient, resulting in increased salivary flow and an improvement in her quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Scleroderma, Systemic , Xerostomia , Low-Level Light Therapy
3.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 16: e17035, jan.-dez. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-884040

ABSTRACT

Aim: To evaluate the bond strength of a GIC associated with chlorhexidine (CHX) to sound and caries-affected dentin, immediately and after six months of storage. Methods: Sixty molars were assigned to two groups of 30 teeth. One had flat dentin surfaces produced and submitted to caries induction to obtain a caries-affected dentin. In the other group dentin was maintained sound. Teeth of each group were randomly reassigned to three subgroups (n=10) according to the concentration of CHX added to the GIC (0%, 1% and 2% by weight). Two specimens (1mm diameter x 1 mm high) of the same material were constructed on each dentin surface. One was submitted to the microshear bond strength (µSBS) test after 24 hours and the other after 6 months of storage in water at 37oC. Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. Bond strength data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA followed by Games-Howell tests for multiple comparisons, and failure modes by the Chi-square test (α = 0.05). Results: The µSBS values obtained to sound dentin were higher compared with those to caries-affected dentin (p≤0.001). In sound dentin, the group with 2% CHX showed lower µSBS values compared with 0% and 1% CHX after 24 hours (p=0.005 and p=0.032 respectively). In caries-affected dentin, after 24 hours, µSBS in group with 1% CHX was statistically higher than the values in groups with 2% CHX after 24 hours (p=0.001) and 1% CHX after 6 months (p=0.024). Irrespective of the condition of substrate, comparisons showed no statistically significant differences between the other groups (p≥0.053). Cohesive in material and mixed failures prevailed for all groups. Conclusions: The addition of CHX at concentrations of up to 2% to the GIC did not affect the bond strength of the material to sound and caries-affected dentin in a long-term evaluation (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chlorhexidine , Dental Caries , Dentin , Glass Ionomer Cements
4.
Braz. dent. sci ; 20(1): 70-79, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-836752

ABSTRACT

A estomatite por prótese (EP) é uma condição multifatorial que acomete frequentemente usuários de prótese total e geralmente é relacionada com Candida albicans. Devido aos efeitos tóxicos da terapia antifúngica, novas terapias para EP são necessárias. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do extrato aquoso de Buchenavia tomentosa e bicarbonato de sódio frente a C. albicans em um modelo de EP em ratos. Material e Métodos: Um aparelho de resina acrílica simulando a base da prótese total foi fixado cobrindo o palato de 48 ratos machos seguido por indução da candidose. Os ratos foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=12): controle, bicarbonato de sódio, B. tomentosa e nistatina (controle positivo). Cada grupo foi subdividido de acordo com o período de tratamento; 24 horas (n=6) e 48 horas (n=6). Os animais foram sacrificados e os aparelhos foram removidos para contagem de C. albicans e análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultados: Após 24 horas de tratamento, observou-se redução significativa da contagem de C. albicans tanto B. tomentosa quanto nistatina (nistatina x controle, p<0,01; B. tomentosa x controle, p=0,03). Os resultados foram confirmados pela análise histológica. Conclusão: Tanto o extrato aquoso de B. tomentosa e o bicarbonato de sódio foram capazes de reduzir significativamente as contagens de C. albicans em modelo experimental de EP (AU)


Background: Denture stomatitis (DS) is a multifactorial condition that commonly affects denture users and is mainly caused by Candida albicans. Due to the toxic effects of antifungal therapy, new therapies for DS are claimed. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extract of Buchenavia tomentosa and sodium bicarbonate against C. albicans in a model of DS in rats. Material and Methods: An acrylic resin device simulating a denture base was fixed covering the palate of forty-eight male rats followed by candidiasis induction. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 12): Control, sodium bicarbonate, B. tomentosa and nystatin (positive control). Each group was subdivided according to the period of treatment; 24 h (n = 6) and 48 h (n = 6). Animals were sacrificed and had their devices removed for C. albicans counts and SEM analysis. The palate mucosa was removed and processed for histopathologic analysis. Results: After 24 h of treatment, both B. tomentosa and nystatin groups reduced significantly C. albicans counts when compared to control (nystatin x control, p < 0.01; B. tomentosa x control, p = 0.03). The results were confirmed by the histologic analysis. Conclusion: Both the aqueous extract of B. tomentosa and sodium bicarbonate was able to significantly decrease C. albicans counts in an experimental model of DS (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Candida albicans , Stomatitis , Drug Therapy
5.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 31: e89, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952126

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its main compound (citral) against primary dental colonizers and caries-related species. Chemical characterization of the essential oil was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), and the main compound was determined. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, S. gordonii, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. sanguinis and S. sobrinus. Minimum inhibitory and bactericide concentrations were determined by broth microdilution assay for streptococci and lactobacilli reference, and for clinical strains. The effect of the essential oil on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation/disruption was investigated. Negative (without treatment) and positive controls (chlorhexidine) were used. The effect of citral on preformed biofilm was also tested using the same methodology. Monospecies and microcosm biofilms were tested. ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used (α=0.05). Cytotoxicity of the essential oil to human keratinocytes was performed by MTT assay. GC/MS demonstrated one major component (citral). The essential oil showed an inhibitory effect on all tested bacterial species, including S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Essential oil of C. citratus (10X MIC) reduced the number of viable cells of lactobacilli and streptococci biofilms (p < 0.05). The essential oil inhibited adhesion of caries-related polymicrobial biofilm to dental enamel (p < 0.01). Citral significantly reduced the number of viable cells of streptococci biofilm (p < 0.001). The essential oil showed low cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes. Based on these findings, this study can contribute to the development of new formulations for products like mouthwash, against dental biofilms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Biofilms/drug effects , Cymbopogon/chemistry , Dental Caries/microbiology , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Reference Values , Streptococcus/growth & development , Streptococcus/drug effects , Time Factors , Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects , Actinomyces/growth & development , Actinomyces/drug effects , Colony Count, Microbial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Keratinocytes/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chlorhexidine/analogs & derivatives , Chlorhexidine/pharmacology , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Dental Enamel/microbiology , Lactobacillus acidophilus/growth & development , Lactobacillus acidophilus/drug effects , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology
6.
Rev. odontol. UNESP (Online) ; 45(2): 90-96, mar.-abr. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-780065

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Frequent consumption of sugars and the presence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are correlated with higher caries experience. Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to elucidate the effect of different fermentable carbohydrates on biomass formation and acidogenicity of S. mutans and S. sobrinus biofilms. Material and method: Single and dual-species biofilms of S. mutans ATCC 25175 and S. sobrinus ATCC 27607 were grown at the bottom of microtiter plates at equal concentrations for 24 h at 37 °C under micro-aerobic atmosphere. Carbohydrates were added at 2% concentration: maltose, sucrose, glucose and lactose. BHI Broth (0.2% glucose) was used as negative control. Acidogenicity was assessed by measuring the pH of spent culture medium after 24 h, immediately after refreshing the culture medium and for the next 1 h and 2 h. Crystal violet staining was used as an indicator of the total attached biofilm biomass after 24 h incubation. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Significance level was set at 5%. Result: All carbohydrates resulted in higher biomass formation in single- and dual-species biofilms when compared to the control group. Sucrose, lactose and maltose showed higher acidogenicity than the control group in both single- and dual-species biofilms after 24 h. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the type of biofilm (single- or dual-species) and the carbohydrate used may influence the amount of biomass formed and rate of pH reduction.


Introdução: O consumo frequente de açucares e a presença de Streptococcus mutans e Streptococcus sobrinus estão correlacionados com maior experiência de cárie. Objetivo: Elucidar o efeito de diferentes carboidratos fermentáveis na biomassa e acidogenicidade de biofilmes formados por S. mutans e S. sobrinus. Material e método: Biofilmes única e dupla- espécie de S. mutans ATCC 25175 e S. sobrinus ATCC 27607 em concentrações iguais cresceram no fundo de placas de microtitulação por 24 h a 37 °C em microaerofilia. Maltose, sacarose, glicose e lactose foram adicionados a 2%. BHI caldo (0.2% glicose) foi usado como controle negativo. Acidogenicidade foi avaliada por meio da medição do pH do meio de cultura após 24 h, imediatamente após troca de meio e nas próximas 1 h e 2 h. Coloração por cristal violeta foi usada como indicador do total de biomassa aderida, após 24 h de incubação. Os dados foram analisados por teste ANOVA two way e Teste de Bonferroni. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultado: Todos os carboidratos resultaram em maior formação de biomassa em ambos os tipos de biofilme (única ou dupla- espécie), quando comparado ao grupo controle. Sacarose, lactose e maltose mostraram maior acidogenicidade que o grupo controle após 24 h nos biofilmes única ou dupla-espécie, apenas após 24 h. Conclusão: Os achados indicam que o tipo de biofilme (única ou dupla- espécie) e o tipo de carboidrato usado podem influenciar tanto na quantidade de biomassa formada quanto na taxa de redução do pH.


Subject(s)
Streptococcus mutans , Analysis of Variance , Streptococcus sobrinus , Biomass , Dental Caries , Dental Plaque , Sugars
7.
Rev. odontol. UNESP (Online) ; 45(2): 115-120, mar.-abr. 2016. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-780066

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Atendimentos de urgência são uma prática comum em Odontopediatria, porém pouco se sabe sobre o perfil desses atendimentos. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil dos atendimentos de urgência de crianças de 0 a 13 anos de idade realizados na Clínica Infantil da FOAr, no período de 1997 a 2012, a fim de se quantificarem os pacientes e os procedimentos realizados no Serviço, além de identificar os tratamentos mais realizados. Material e método: Neste estudo transversal observacional, os relatórios desse Serviço, fornecidos pelo Sistema Integrado de Clínicas, foram analisados quanto ao número de pacientes, aos atendimentos e ao tipo de procedimentos realizados. Os procedimentos foram classificados em sete categorias: Diagnóstico, Preventivos, Anestesia, Endodônticos, Restauradores, Cirúrgicos e Outros. Esses dados foram tabulados e submetidos a uma análise descritiva. Resultado: De 1997 a 2012, foi atendido um total de 13.849 pacientes e foram realizados 25.786 atendimentos e 86.279 procedimentos. Houve diminuição do número de pacientes atendidos a partir de 2001, mas o número de consultas e de procedimentos não diminuiu na mesma proporção. Observou-se que, durante o período de 2007 a 2012, os procedimentos de diagnóstico foram os mais realizados, seguidos pelos preventivos. Dentre os procedimentos operatórios, o mais realizado foi o restaurador, seguido dos endodônticos. Procedimentos cirúrgicos estão entre os menos realizados. Conclusão: Conclui-se que houve uma mudança no perfil dos atendimentos dentro desse Serviço. Apesar de haver uma redução no número de pacientes atendidos, o número de consultas e a quantidade de procedimentos realizados permaneceram estáveis. Os procedimentos realizados estão de acordo com o perfil do Serviço de Urgência.


Introduction: Urgency care is a common practice in pediatric dentistry but little is known about the profile of these visits. Objective: To evaluate the profile of patients aged between 0 and 13 years assisted at the Urgency Unit offered by FOAr, from 1997 to 2012, in order to quantify patients and procedures performed and identify the most frequently treatments performed. Material and method: In this observational transversal study, the reports of urgency service provided by the Integrated Clinical System were analyzed for the number of patients, treatments and type of procedures performed. The procedures were classified into seven categories: Diagnosis, Preventive, Anesthesia, Endodontic, Restorative, Surgical and Others. The data were organized and analyzed descriptively. Results: From 1997 to 2012, a total of 13,849 patients were treated in 25,786 visits and 86,279 procedures were conducted. A decrease in the number of patients assisted was observed. However, the number of appointments and the number of procedures did not decrease at the same ratio. Diagnosis procedures were the most frequent procedure performed, followed by preventive procedures. Restorative and endodontic treatments were the most frequent operative procedure performed. Dental surgeries were done less frequently. Conclusion: A profile change in the dental urgent treatment was observed throughout the years. Despite a reduction in the number of patients assisted, the number of visits and the amount of procedures performed remained stable. The procedures performed are in agreement with the profile of a dental urgent care clinic.


Subject(s)
Health Profile , Child , Adolescent , Dental Health Services , Dentists , Ambulatory Care , Pain , Child Health Services , Oral Health , Dental Caries
8.
Rev. bras. med. fam. comunidade ; 10(34): 1-5, jan./mar. 2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-879364

ABSTRACT

Este artigo relata dois casos de fluorose dentária causada pela inadvertida ingestão de dentifrício fluoretado. Uma criança de oito anos apresentou manchas brancas e perda de esmalte dentário nos primeiros molares permanentes, bem como manchas brancas sem perda de estrutura nos incisivos e segundos molares decíduos, enquanto um adolescente de quatorze anos apresentou manchas brancas em todos os dentes permanentes. Em ambos os casos, dentes homólogos foram afetados similarmente e as mães não relataram uso de suplementos fluoretados durante a gestação ou infância. A fluoretação da água da cidade onde eles vivem é ótima. Ambos relataram ingerir dentifrício frequentemente durante a escovação e em outras ocasiões. Mães também afirmaram não ter recebido instruções sobre higiene oral ou que a ingestão crônica de dentifrício poderia contribuir para desenvolver fluorose dentária.Acredita-se que o trabalho cooperativo entre dentistas e outros profissionais de saúde é uma forma de prevenir a ocorrência desta condição.


This paper reports on two cases of dental fluorosis caused by inadvertent ingestion of fluoridated dentifrice. An eight-year-old child showed whitish spots and loss of dental enamel in first permanent molars and whitish spots without structure loss in permanent incisors and primary second molars, whereas a fourteen-year-old teenager showed whitish spots in all permanent teeth. In both cases, homologue teeth were affected similarly and mothers did not report on the use of fluoride supplements during pregnancy or children's infancy. The water fluoridation of the city where they live is considered optimal. Both patients reported eating dentifrice frequently during tooth brushing and in other occasions. Mothers also stated that they did not receive instructions about oral hygiene or about the fact that chronic ingestion of dentifrice could contribute to the development of dental fluorosis. It is believed that the cooperative work between dentists and other health professionals is a way to prevent the occurrence of this condition.


Este trabajo reporta dos casos de fluorosis dental causada por inadvertida ingestión de dentífricos con flúor. Un paciente de ocho años presentaba manchas blancas y perdida de esmalte dental en los primeros molares permanente y manchas blancas sin pérdida de estructura en los incisivos e segundos molares deciduos, mientras que un adolescente de catorce años presentaba manchas blancas en todos los dientes permanentes. En ambos casos, dientes homólogos fueron afectados y las madres no relataron uso de suplementos fluoretados durante la gestación o infancia. El agua fluoretada donde ellos vivían era adecuada. En los dos casos hubo ingestión de flúor durante el cepillado así como en otras ocasiones. Las madres también informaron no haber recibido instrucciones profesionales en higiene oral y que la ingestión crónica de dentífricos con flúor podría contribuir para desarrollar fluorosis dental. De esta forma, el trabajo conjunto entre odontólogos y otros profesionales de la salud es una forma de prevenir la incidencia de esta condición.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child , Dentifrices , Fluorosis, Dental
9.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 29(1): 1-1, 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777198

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the effects of 2 brands of probiotic fermented milk on biofilms, oral microbiota, and enamel. For the in situ experiment, ten volunteers wore palatine devices containing four blocks of bovine dental enamel over 3 phases, during which 20% sucrose solution, Yakult® (Treatment A), and Batavito® (Treatment B) were dropped on the enamel blocks. Salivary microbial counts were obtained and biofilm samples were analyzed after each phase. For the in vivo experiment, the same ten volunteers drunk Yakult® (Treatment C) and Batavito® (Treatment D) in two phases. Saliva samples were collected for microbial analysis after each phase. The in situ study showed that in comparison with Treatment A, Treatment B resulted in fewer total cultivable anaerobes and facultative microorganisms in biofilms, higher final microhardness, lower percentage change in surface hardness, and smaller integrated subsurface enamel hardness. In the in vivo study, Treatment D resulted in a reduction in the counts of all microorganisms. The results suggested that the probiotic fermented milk Batavito®, but not Yakult®, reduced the amount of oral microorganisms and mineral loss in bovine enamel.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Humans , Biofilms/growth & development , Cultured Milk Products , Dental Enamel/microbiology , Mouth/microbiology , Probiotics/pharmacology , Analysis of Variance , Colony Count, Microbial , Cross-Over Studies , Cultured Milk Products/chemistry , Double-Blind Method , Hardness Tests , Lactobacillus/growth & development , Microbiota , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surface Properties , Saliva/chemistry , Saliva/microbiology , Streptococcus mutans/growth & development , Sucrose/pharmacology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
10.
Braz. dent. sci ; 18(2): 82-88, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-766801

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: O propósito deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da presença de diferentes carboidratos fermentáveis na biomassa e acidogenicidade do biofilme formado por Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 em associação com Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039. Material e Métodos: Biofilmes com uma ou duas espécies cresceram em poços de placas de microtitulação em igual concentração, por 24 h a 37 ºC. Carboidratos foram adicionados em concentração de 2%: maltose, sacarose, glicose e lactose, além disso, como controle negativo, caldo BHI (0.2% de sacarose) foi usado. O pH foi medido individualmente para avaliar a acidogenicidade após 24 h, imediatamente após troca do meio de cultura e 30 min, 1 h e 2 h depois. Cristal violeta foi usado como indicador do total de biomassa formada após 24 h de incubação e a absorbância foi medida a 590 nm. Teste de Tukey foi utilizado para todas as análises estatísticas. Resultados: Em geral, maior quantidade de biomassa foi formada por biofilmes dupla-espécie que única-espécie na presença de todos os carboidratos, exceto glicose. Biofilmes formados por S. mutans mostraram significativamente maior acidogenicidade que o grupo controle apenas após 24 h. Em biofilmes dupla-espécie, maior acidogenicidade foi encontrada após 24 h na presença de sacarose, lactose, maltose e no grupo controle. Conclusão: Esses achados indicam que o tipo de biofilme e o carboidrato usado podem influenciar ambas: formação de biomassa e taxa de queda do pH.


Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of presence of different fermentable carbohydrates in the biomass and acidogenicity of biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 in association with Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039. Material and Methods: Single and dualspecies biofilms were grown on wells of microtiter plates at equal concentration for 24 h at 37 ºC. Carbohydrates were added at 2%: maltose, sucrose, glucose and lactose and as negative control, BHI Broth (0.2% glucose) was used. The pH of each culture was measured to assess acidogenicity after 24 h, immediately after changing the culture medium and 30 min, 1 h and 2 h after. Crystal violet was used asindicator of the total attached biofilm biomass after 24 h incubation and the absorbance was measured at 590 nm. Tukey Multiple Comparison Test was performed for all the statistical analysis. Results: Higher amount of biomass was formed by dualspecies than single-species biofilm in the presence of all carbohydrates, except to glucose. S. mutans biofilms showed statistically significant higher acidogenicity than control group only after 24 h. In dual-species biofilms the highest acidogenicity were found after 24 h for sucrose, lactose, maltose and the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the type of biofilm (single or dual-species) and the carbohydrate used may influence amount of biomass formed and rate of the pH reduction.


Subject(s)
Actinomyces , Biofilms , Biomass , Streptococcus mutans
11.
J. appl. oral sci ; 22(6): 484-489, Nov-Dec/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-732590

ABSTRACT

A previous study demonstrated that the amount of Candida spp. in saliva is higher in children with sickle-cell disease. The results from a recent study demonstrate its participation in the etiology of dental caries. Objective This study assessed caries-associated virulence (production of acid, extracellular polysaccharides, proteins and metabolic activity) of biofilms from Candida albicans isolated from saliva of patients with sickle-cell anemia in comparison to isolates obtained from matched healthy children. Material and Methods The isolates were previously obtained from 25 children (4-6 years) and their matched controls (healthy children). One isolate of C. albicans per children was used, totaling 25 isolates per group. The C. albicans biofilms were grown for five days and analyzed regarding the production of lactic acid, extracellular polysaccharides, proteins and metabolic activity. The production of lactic acid was determined by the enzymatic method. The concentration of extracellular polysaccharides was determined by the phenol-sulphuric acid method, and the concentration of the protein was analyzed using the QuantiPro BCA kit. The XTT reduction was used to verify the metabolic activity. The data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism at 5%. Results The Mean±standard deviation for acid production, extracellular polysaccharides, proteins and metabolic activity of isolates from sickle-cell group was, respectively: 7.1±5.0 mmol/L; 15.6±2.5 μg glucose/mg biofilm; 7,503±3,097 μg/mL; A490 3.5±0.7. For isolates from control group the values obtained were: 3.5±3.3 mmol/L; 12.8±3.4 μg glucose/mg biofilm; 4,995±682 μg/mL; A490 3.4±0.5. The C. albicans isolates from patients with sickle-cell anemia produced a significantly greater quantity of acids (p=0.025), polysaccharides (p=0.025) and proteins (p=0.047) compared with the isolates from control group. However, there was ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Biofilms/growth & development , Candida albicans/pathogenicity , Dental Caries/microbiology , Saliva/microbiology , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Case-Control Studies , DMF Index , Enzyme Assays , Formazans , Fungal Polysaccharides/biosynthesis , Lactic Acid/biosynthesis , Proteins/metabolism , Virulence
12.
Rev. odontol. UNESP (Online) ; 43(1): 1-7, Jan-Feb/2014. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-707258

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The aim of adding chlorhexidine (CHX) to glass ionomer cements (GIC) is to improve their antibacterial property, but it may interfere with their bond to dentin. Objective: To evaluate the influence of adding chlorhexidine diacetate at different concentrations to a high-viscosity GIC on its bond to sound and artificial caries-affected dentin. Material and Method: Eighty human third molars were used, on which an area of dentin was exposed on the occlusal surface. Half of the specimens were kept sound and the other half were subjected to artificially induced caries. CHX was mixed with GIC powder at 0.5%, 1% and 2% (w/w). GIC without CHX was used as control. On each dentin surface a specimen measuring 1 mm in diameter and 1 mm high was made. The samples were kept at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 24 hours and subject to microshear testing. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests (α=0.05). Result: There was no significant difference between bond strength of sound and caries-affected dentin (p>0.05). For both substrate conditions, groups GIC, GIC+0.5% CHX and GIC+1% CHX showed statistically similar bond strength (p>0.05), and higher than that of GIC+2% CHX (p≤0.025). Cohesive and mixed failures were predominant in all groups. Conclusion: The addition of 0.5% and 1% chlorhexidine did not result in negative changes in the bond strength of GIC to caries-affected and sound dentin. .


Introdução: A adição da clorexidina (CLX) ao cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) visa melhorar a sua propriedade antibacteriana, podendo contudo interferir na adesão à dentina. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da adição de diacetato de CLX em diferentes concentrações a um CIV de alta viscosidade, na sua adesão à dentina sadia e afetada por cárie artificial. Material e Método: Foram utilizados 80 terceiros molares, que tiveram a superfície de dentina exposta na face oclusal. Metade dos dentes foram mantidos hígidos e a outra metade foi submetida à indução artificial de cárie. A CLX foi misturada ao pó do CIV nas concentrações de 0,5%, 1% e 2%. O CIV sem CLX foi usado como controle. Em cada superfície dentinária foi confeccionado um espécime com 1 mm de diâmetro e 1 mm de altura. Estes foram mantidos a 37 °C com 100% de umidade por 24 horas, e, submetidos ao teste de microcisalhamento. Os resultados foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann Whitney (α=0.05). Resultado: Não houve diferença estatística entre os valores de resistência de união para dentina hígida e afetada (p>0,05). Para as duas condições do substrato, os grupos CIV, CIV+CLX 0,5% e CIV+CLX 1% apresentaram resistência de união estatisticamente semelhante (p>0,05), e superior ao CIV+CLX 2% (p≤0.025). Houve predominância de fraturas mistas e coesivas do material para todos os grupos. Conclusão: A adição de CLX nas concentrações de 0,5% e 1% não influenciou negativamente na resistência de união de um CIV de alta viscosidade à dentina sadia e afetada por cárie. .


Subject(s)
Chlorhexidine , Statistics, Nonparametric , Shear Strength , Dentin , Glass Ionomer Cements , Molar, Third
13.
Braz. dent. j ; 24(1): 35-39, 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-671349

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the capacity of fluoride acidic dentifrices (pH 4.5) to promote enamel remineralization using a pH cycling model, comparing them with a standard dentifrice (1,100 µgF/g). Enamel blocks had their surface polished and surface hardness determined (SH). Next, they were submitted to subsurface enamel demineralization and to post-demineralization surface hardness analysis. The blocks were divided into 6 experimental groups (n=10): placebo (without F, pH 4.5, negative control), 275, 412, 550, 1,100 µgF/g and a standard dentifrice (positive control). The blocks were submitted to pH cycling for 6 days and treatment with dentifrice slurries twice a day. After pH cycling, surface and cross-sectional hardness were assessed to obtain the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and the integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). The results showed that %SHR was similar among acidic dentifrices with 412, 550, 1,100 µgF/g and to the positive control (Tukey's test; p>0.05). For ΔKHN, the acidic dentifrice with 550 µg F/g showed a better performance when compared with the positive control. It can be concluded that acidic dentifrice 550 µgF/g had similar remineralization capacity to that of positive control.


O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a capacidade de dentifrícios fluoretados acidulados (pH 4,5) em promover a remineralização do esmalte utilizando um modelo de ciclagem de pH e compará-lo a um dentifrício padrão (1.100 µgF/g). Blocos de esmalte tiveram suas superfícies polidas e a dureza de superfície determinada (SH). Em seguida, foram submetidos à desmineralização subsuperficial e a dureza de superfície pós-desmineralização foi determinada. Os blocos foram divididos em seis grupos experimentais (n=10): placebo (controle negativo), 275, 412, 550, 1.100 µgF/g e um dentifrício padrão (controle positivo). Os blocos foram submetidos à ciclagem de pH durante seis dias e tratamentos com dentifrício diluído duas vezes por dia. Após a ciclagem de pH, a dureza de superfície e em secção transversal foram avaliadas para obtenção da porcentagem de recuperação de dureza de superfície (%SHR) e área integrada da perda de dureza de subsuperfície (ΔKHN). Os resultados mostraram que %SHR foi semelhante entre os dentifrícios ácidos 412, 550, 1.100 µgF/g e controle positivo (teste de Tukey; p>0,05). Para ΔKHN, o dentifrício acidulado com 550 µgF/g mostrou uma performance melhor quando comparado ao controle positivo. Conclui-se que os dentifrícios acidulados 550 µgF/g apresentaram capacidade de remineralização semelhante ao controle positivo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Dentifrices/pharmacology , Tooth Remineralization , Dental Stress Analysis , Dental Enamel/chemistry , Dentifrices/chemistry , Fluorides/analysis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hardness/drug effects , Phosphorus/analysis , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surface Properties
14.
J. appl. oral sci ; 19(4): 384-387, July-Aug. 2011. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-599763

ABSTRACT

Adherence is considered an extremely important virulence factor in yeast. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the adherence to epithelial cells of C. albicans isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis in comparison to healthy patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Candida albicans cells isolated from individuals with chronic periodontitis (n=25) and healthy controls (n=25) were included in this study. Suspensions of C. albicans (10(6) cells/mL) and epithelial cells (10(5) cells/mL) were mixed and incubated at 37ºC for 1 h. The number of yeasts adhered to 25 epithelial cells was counted. RESULTS: The number of C. albicans cells adhered to epithelial cells was statistically higher in the chronic periodontitis group than in the control group (Student's t-test, p=0.000). CONCLUSION:The results of the present study suggest a higher Candida adherence of samples isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Candida albicans/physiology , Chronic Periodontitis/microbiology , Epithelial Cells/microbiology , Case-Control Studies , Cell Adhesion , Colony Count, Microbial , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Mouth Mucosa/microbiology , Virulence Factors
15.
Rev. odontol. UNESP (Online) ; 39(1): 15-19, jan.-fev. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-874776

ABSTRACT

A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de enxaguatórios bucais, à base de clorexidina, sem álcool na sua composição, sobre Candida albicans. Foram avaliados vinte isolados clínicos de C. albicans e uma cepa de referência (ATCC 18804) frente a dois enxaguatórios à base de digluconato de clorexidina 0,12% e sem etanol ("Ca" e "Or"), em comparação ao enxaguatório de gluconato de clorexidina com etanol (controle positivo). A máxima diluição inibitória (MDI) e a máxima diluição fungicida (MDF) foram determinadas pelo método de microdiluição. Foram realizadas 12 diluições seriadas dos produtos (de 50 a 0,02%) em duplicata. Em seguida, foram acrescentados 100 µL da suspensão de C. albicans (106 células.mL-1) nos poços das placas. Após incubação (37 °C/24 horas), a MDI foi determinada por meio da leitura das densidades ópticas. Para determinar a MDF, foram realizadas semeaduras do conteúdo dos poços em ágar Sabouraud. Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos Or e controle para a MDI, mas o grupo Ca mostrou uma MDI estatisticamente maior (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0,0012). Já para MDF, não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos Ca e controle (Teste de Mann-Whitney, p = 0,1631). Pode-se concluir que o grupo Ca apresentou atividade fungicida sobre C. albicans semelhante ao controle, mas menor ação fungistática em comparação ao controle, enquanto que o Or apresentou apenas ação fungistática semelhante ao controle sobre os isolados avaliados.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of alcohol-free mouthwashes on Candida albicans. Twenty clinical isolates of C. albicans and one reference strain (ATCC 18804) were evaluated after exposure to two 0.12% chlorhexidine-based and alcohol-free ("Ca" and "Or") in comparison to gluconate chlorhexidine with ethanol (positive control). The maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) and maximum fugal dilution (MFD) were determined by the microdilution method. Twelve serial dilutions (from 50 to 0.02%) were prepared in duplicate. Then, 100 µL of C. albicans suspension (106 cells.mL-1) were added to the wells. After incubation (37 °C/24 hours), MID was determined by reading the optical density. For MFD determination, the content of the wells were plated on Saouraud agar. For MID, there were no differences between groups Or and control, but Ca group showed a MID statistically higher (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.0012). For MFD, there were no differences between Ca and control (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.1631). It can be concluded that Ca group showed a fungicid activity against C. albicans similar to the control, but lower fungistatic activity when compared to the control. Group Or showed only a fungistatic action similar to control.


Subject(s)
Statistics, Nonparametric , Anti-Infective Agents , Mouthwashes , Candida albicans , Chlorhexidine
16.
J. appl. oral sci ; 17(4): 280-283, July/Aug. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-521701

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The time of contact between the product and enamel surface is important in ensuring the efficacy of fluoride varnishes. Thus, some alternatives could avoid fluoride loss to saliva and improve the anticariogenic action of the product. This study evaluated the effect of an experimental coat on the anticariogenic action of fluoride varnishes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Enamel bovine blocks were selected by evaluating surface microhardness and randomized into five groups (n=24): placebo, DuraphatTM, DuraphatTM with coat, DuofluoridTM and DuofluoridTM with coat. Twelve blocks from each group were used to analyze calcium fluoride (CaF2) formed on enamel after treatment. The other 12 blocks were subjected to pH cycling for 7 days. The varnishes were kept on enamel for 6 h. Next, the percentage change of surface microhardness ( percentSMHC) and mineral loss (ÄZ) were calculated. CaF2 retained and fluoride present in the pH-cycled solutions were also measured. RESULTS: The use of the coat did not decrease percentSMHC and ÄZ, but all fluoride varnishes had better results when compared to the placebo (ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis, respectively). The values from CaF2 formed were higher compared to the values of CaF2 retained (non-paired t test, p<0.05). There was a trend to decrease the amount of F in the solutions at the end of pH cycling (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the experimental coat increased the formation of CaF2 on the enamel surface, it did not significantly improve the anticariogenic action of fluoride varnishes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Fluorides, Topical , In Vitro Techniques , Dental Enamel , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Materials Testing
17.
Araçatuba; s.n; 2008. 93 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-525381

ABSTRACT

Produtos naturais têm sido estudados com relação ao controle químico da microbiota patogênica do biofilme bucal. O objetivo desse estudo foi esclarecer o efeito do extrato da folha de Psidium cattleianum no metabolismo de S. mutans, no biofilme formado in situ e na capacidade em inibir a desmineralização do esmalte. O extrato foi obtido por decocção das folhas em água deionizada. O efeito do extrato foi avaliado in vitro com relação à viabilidade, expressão protéica e produção de ácido de biofilmes de S. mutans. No estudo in situ, blocos de esmalte bovino foram fixados em dispositivos acrílicos palatinos de dez voluntários. A fase experimental consistiu de três etapas de 14 dias cada, separadas por intervalo de sete dias. Os voluntários gotejaram solução de sacarose 20% (8x/dia) e a solução de tratamento (água, extrato ou um enxaguatório comercial; 2x/dia). O biofilme dentário foi analisado quanto à acidogenicidade, quantidade microorganismos e presença de polissacarídeos álcali-solúveis. Nos blocos de esmalte, foram realizadas as análises de microdureza superficial e em secção longitudinal. O extrato foi capaz de afetar a viabilidade, a produção de ácidos e a síntese protéica do biofilme formado in vitro. No biofilme formado in situ, o extrato foi capaz de diminuir a queda do pH, o acúmulo de microorganismos, a formação de polissacarídeos extracelulares e a desmineralização do esmalte. Conclui-se que o extrato foi capaz de diminuir a expressão de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo bacteriano, a patogenicidade do biofilme bucal e a desmineralização do esmalte in situ.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Products , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Streptococcus mutans
18.
Braz. oral res ; 19(4): 256-260, Oct.-Dec. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-421125

ABSTRACT

Há uma relação entre o uso de fluoretos, a redução na cárie e o aumento da fluorose dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a cinética do flúor na saliva após o uso da goma de mascar Happydent®, que contém 3,38 mg de flúor como monofluorfosfato. A saliva foi coletada de 15 voluntários entre 7 e 9 anos de idade, durante 3 minutos nos intervalos de 0, 3, 6, 9, 15, 30 e 45 minutos. Inicialmente, a coleta foi realizada com o Trident® (controle) e, após 24 h, a coleta foi repetida com a goma de mascar Happydent®. O flúor foi analisado com um eletrodo íon-específico (Orion 96-09) após a realização da hidrólise ácida. Os dados foram analisados através da análise de variância a dois critérios e pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). A quantidade média ± dp (mg) de flúor liberado na saliva foi 0,276 ± 0,126 e 0,024 ± 0,014 para o Happydent® e o Trident®, respectivamente. A quantidade de flúor nas amostras de saliva após o uso do Happydent® foi significativamente maior do que após o uso do Trident® em todos os tempos experimentais, com exceção dos períodos de 30 e 45 minutos. A alta quantidade de flúor na saliva após o uso do Happydent® poderia ser eficiente na prevenção da cárie dentária, o que deveria ser avaliado clinicamente. Por outro lado, essa goma de mascar deveria ser evitada por crianças na idade de risco para a fluorose dentária.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Cariostatic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Chewing Gum/analysis , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Fluorides/pharmacokinetics , Phosphates/pharmacokinetics , Saliva/chemistry , Analysis of Variance , Cariostatic Agents/adverse effects , Cariostatic Agents/analysis , Fluorides/adverse effects , Fluorides/analysis , Fluorosis, Dental/etiology , Phosphates/adverse effects , Phosphates/analysis , Single-Blind Method
19.
J. appl. oral sci ; 12(2): 121-126, Apr.-Jun. 2004. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-363055

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar in vitro o efeito da aplicação tópica de flúor na forma de gel acidulado (FFA) ou neutro (FFN) com um dentifrício fluoretado (MFP), na incorporação e ação anticariogênica do flúor. Foram utilizados 125 blocos obtidos de esmalte humano, divididos em 5 grupos de acordo com o tratamento e submetidos à ciclagem de pH durante dez dias. Analisou-se o flúor incorporado antes e depois da ciclagem de pH; a microdureza superficial (SMH) e a microdureza interna do esmalte (CSMH). Os resultados da concentração de flúor no esmalte após a ciclagem indicou uma maior quantidade de flúor incorporado para todos os grupos comparados ao grupo controle sadio. A microdureza superficial entre APF e MFP, assim como a porcentagem de alteração da microdureza superficial e a perda mineral não mostraram diferenças estatísticas. A porcentagem de volume mineral obtida a partir da microdureza em secção longitudinal demonstrou que o APF tem um padrão melhor na formação da cárie subsuperficial. Os resultados sugerem que o uso de géis acidulados ou a freqüente aplicação de flúor em baixa concentração são medidas eficazes para o controle da cárie dental.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Enamel , Dentifrices/pharmacology , Fluorine/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dentifrices/classification , Fluorides, Topical/classification , Fluorides, Topical/pharmacology
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